Python Random Module

The random module in Python is a standard library module that provides functions for generating random numbers, selecting random items from sequences, and performing various randomization tasks. It is commonly used in applications that require randomness, such as games, simulations, and cryptography. Here are some commonly used functions and methods provided by the random module:

Random Number Generation:

1. random.random():

• Returns a random floating-point number in the range [0.0, 1.0).

1. random.randint(a, b):

• Returns a random integer from the inclusive range [a, b].

1. random.randrange(start, stop[, step]):

• Returns a random integer from the range [start, stop) with an optional step.

1. random.uniform(a, b):

• Returns a random floating-point number in the range [a, b) with a uniform distribution.

Random Sequences:

5. random.choice(seq):

• Returns a random element from the non-empty sequence seq.

5. random.shuffle(seq):

• Shuffles (randomly reorders) the elements of the sequence seq in place.

5. random.sample(population, k):

• Returns a list of k unique elements randomly chosen from the population without replacement.

Random Seed:

8. random.seed(seed=None):

• Initializes the random number generator with a seed value. This allows you to generate reproducible random sequences by using the same seed.

Random Distributions:

9. random.gauss(mu, sigma):

• Returns a random float sampled from a Gaussian (normal) distribution with mean mu and standard deviation sigma.

9. random.expovariate(lambd):
   • Returns a random float sampled from an exponential distribution with the rate parameter lambd.
10. random.triangular(low, high, mode):
    • Returns a random float sampled from a triangular distribution with the specified lower limit (low), upper limit (high), and mode value (mode).

These are just some of the commonly used functions and methods provided by the random module. You can use these functions to introduce randomness into your Python programs for various purposes.

Here’s an example of how to use the random module to generate a random integer and select a random item from a list:

import random

# Generate a random integer between 1 and 10 (inclusive)
random_int = random.randint(1, 10)
print("Random Integer:", random_int)

# Select a random item from a list
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date", "elderberry"]
random_fruit = random.choice(fruits)
print("Random Fruit:", random_fruit)

Remember that the random numbers generated by the random module are pseudo-random and depend on the initial seed value. If you need cryptographically secure random numbers, consider using the secrets module.