Java Control Statements

Control statements in Java are used to control the flow of a program. They allow you to make decisions, repeat statements, and break the flow of code into different branches. Java provides several control statements, including:

1. Conditional Statements:

• Conditional statements allow you to make decisions in your code. They execute different blocks of code based on certain conditions.
• if Statement:
  • Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
  if (condition) { // Code to execute if the condition is true }
• if-else Statement:
  • Executes one block of code if a condition is true and another block if it’s false.
  if (condition) { // Code to execute if the condition is true } else { // Code to execute if the condition is false }
• else-if Statement:
  • Allows you to test multiple conditions and execute code blocks accordingly.
  if (condition1) { // Code to execute if condition1 is true } else if (condition2) { // Code to execute if condition2 is true } else { // Code to execute if none of the conditions are true }
• Switch Statement:
  • Evaluates an expression and executes code based on the value of the expression.
    java switch (expression) { case value1: // Code to execute if expression equals value1 break; case value2: // Code to execute if expression equals value2 break; default: // Code to execute if none of the cases match }

1. Looping Statements:

• Looping statements are used to repeat a block of code multiple times.
• for Loop:
  • Executes a block of code a specific number of times.
  for (initialization; condition; update) { // Code to repeat }
• while Loop:
  • Executes a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.
  while (condition) { // Code to repeat }
• do-while Loop:
  • Similar to a while loop, but it guarantees that the block of code is executed at least once before checking the condition.
  do { // Code to execute at least once } while (condition);
• Enhanced for Loop (For-each Loop):
  • Simplifies iteration through collections and arrays.
    java for (Type variable : collection) { // Code to process each element }

1. Branching Statements:

• Branching statements alter the normal flow of program execution.
• break Statement:
  • Exits the loop or switch statement.
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if (i == 5) { break; // Exits the loop when i equals 5 } }
• continue Statement:
  • Skips the current iteration of a loop and continues with the next iteration.
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if (i == 5) { continue; // Skips the current iteration when i equals 5 } }
• return Statement:
  • Exits from a method and optionally returns a value to the calling code.

These control statements are essential for implementing decision-making, loops, and managing the flow of your Java programs. They provide the means to make your code more flexible and responsive to different situations.