Java New Features

The Java has some of the key new features introduced in recent versions of the Java programming language:

Java 8 (March 2014):

1. Lambda Expressions: Lambda expressions enable functional programming in Java by allowing you to express instances of single-method interfaces (functional interfaces) concisely using the lambda syntax.
2. Stream API: The Stream API provides a more functional and declarative way to process collections of data, allowing operations like filtering, mapping, and reducing elements.
3. Default Methods: Interfaces can now have default method implementations, enabling backward compatibility when adding new methods to interfaces without affecting implementing classes.
4. Date and Time API: The new java.time package provides a modern and comprehensive API for working with dates, times, and periods.
5. Nashorn JavaScript Engine: Nashorn is a new lightweight and high-performance JavaScript engine that provides improved compatibility for existing JavaScript code.

Java 9 (September 2017):

1. Module System (Project Jigsaw): Java 9 introduced the module system to help manage dependencies and encapsulate Java libraries. It allows you to create modules for better code organization.
2. JShell: JShell is an interactive REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) tool that allows developers to experiment with Java code snippets without the need for a full-fledged Java program.
3. Private Methods in Interfaces: Java 9 allows interfaces to have private methods, making it easier to provide common implementations for default methods.
4. Process API Improvements: Java 9 introduced enhancements to the Process API, making it easier to manage and control operating system processes.

Java 10 (March 2018):

1. Local-Variable Type Inference (var): Java 10 introduced the ability to declare local variables with the var keyword, allowing the compiler to infer the variable’s type based on the assigned value.

Java 11 (September 2018):

1. HTTP Client (Standardized): Java 11 introduced a new HTTP client API in the java.net.http package, providing a more modern and efficient way to make HTTP requests.
2. Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters: Java 11 extended the use of the var keyword to lambda parameters.

Java 12, 13, 14, and Beyond:
Several incremental updates have been made to Java in versions 12, 13, and 14. These updates include improvements such as new language features, enhancements to the garbage collector, and better support for switch expressions.

Please note that these are just a few highlights, and each Java release typically introduces a range of enhancements, bug fixes, and new features. For the most up-to-date information on Java’s new features, you should refer to Oracle’s official Java documentation or other reliable sources. Keep in mind that Java continues to evolve, and new features may have been introduced since my last update.