PHP Operators

In PHP, operators are symbols or special keywords that perform specific operations on one or more operands (variables, values, or expressions). PHP supports a wide range of operators, categorized into different types based on their functionality. Below are the main types of operators in PHP:

1. Arithmetic Operators:

• + Addition
• - Subtraction
• * Multiplication
• / Division
• % Modulo (returns the remainder of a division)

1. Assignment Operators:

• = Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left
• += Adds the value on the right to the variable on the left and assigns the result
• -= Subtracts the value on the right from the variable on the left and assigns the result
• *= Multiplies the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result
• /= Divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result
• %= Computes the modulo of the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result

1. Comparison Operators:

• == Equality
• != or <> Inequality
• === Identity (equal value and equal type)
• !== Non-identity (not equal value or not equal type)
• > Greater than
• < Less than
• >= Greater than or equal to
• <= Less than or equal to

1. Logical Operators:

• && or and Logical AND
• || or or Logical OR
• ! or not Logical NOT

1. Increment/Decrement Operators:

• ++ Increment by 1
• -- Decrement by 1

1. String Operators:

• . Concatenation (joins two strings together)

1. Array Operators:

• + Union (combines arrays, elements from both arrays, duplicates removed)
• == Equality (checks if both arrays have the same key/value pairs)
• === Identity (checks if both arrays are identical)

1. Ternary Operator:

• expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 If expr1 is true, evaluates to expr2; otherwise, evaluates to expr3.

1. Null Coalescing Operator (introduced in PHP 7):

• ?? Returns the value of the left operand if it is not null; otherwise, returns the right operand.

These are the main operators in PHP. Understanding how to use them effectively is essential for writing efficient and concise PHP code.